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ARAsylum ResearchImmigration & Asylum Expert Witness
Expertise· TRAFFICKING & VULNERABILITY

Trafficking & Vulnerability

Country expertise on re-trafficking risk, the practical sufficiency of state protection, and the prospects for safe reintegration for victims of modern slavery and gender-based harm.

MSHT

Institutional duty & protection frameworks
Institutional duty & protection frameworksMSHT
Evidence base

Primary source categories

  • GRETA / Council of Europe
  • US TIP Report
  • IOM & UNODC reporting
  • Specialist anti-trafficking NGOs
  • Academic trafficking studies
  • Local shelter & support providers
Methodology

How the expert gathers and tests the intelligence.

Risk of re-trafficking

We assess the documented prevalence of re-trafficking for a person of the claimant's profile, including the reach and methods of trafficking networks.

State response

We evaluate the practical operation of anti-trafficking mechanisms, victim identification, and protection — against the evidence, not the statute book alone.

Reintegration

We assess the availability and accessibility of shelters, support, and economic opportunity, and the risk of stigma or destitution on return.

Vulnerability lens

Findings are framed with regard to recognised vulnerability guidance, without opining on the claimant's credibility.

Official guidance

Objectively contextualising government country notes.

Official country materials carry weight, but they are not the last word. Our reports engage them directly and transparently.

Protection sufficiency

Where official materials assert an effective national referral and protection framework, we test whether it functions in practice for returnees, with sourced examples.

Internal relocation for victims

We address whether relocation would place a victim beyond the reach of traffickers, or would instead be unreasonable given support gaps.

Objective, trauma-aware

The report addresses objective risk while respecting vulnerability frameworks; it does not assess or narrate personal trauma.

Practical, not theoretical

Protection and reintegration are assessed as they function in practice, with sourced evidence of real-world outcomes.

It is the duty of experts to help the decision-maker on matters within their expertise. This duty overrides any obligation to the person from whom experts have received instructions or by whom they are paid.

Expert duty to the court or tribunal